Urmia University Geography and Regional Future Studies 2981-118X 3 1 2025 05 22 Analysis of the role of geomorphology in the economic situation of the border strip (Case study: border strip of Kurdistan province) Analysis of the role of geomorphology in the economic situation of the border strip (Case study: border strip of Kurdistan province) 1 15 121670 10.30466/grfs.2025.55272.1054 FA Mehdi Safari Namivandi PhD of Geomorphology, Faculty member of the University of Police Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2810-1108 Hamid Ganjaeian PhD of Geomorphology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5611-4160 Kolsom Mohammadian Master of Geomorphology, Payam Noor University, Sanandaj, Iran 0009-0002-8805-3547 Journal Article 2024 04 03 In terms of geomorphology, Kurdistan province is located in the mountain unit, and this problem has caused it to be associated with many restrictions for employment in various agricultural and industrial sectors. Restrictions on employment have caused a decrease in sustainable employment, an increase in false employment, including goods smuggling, and an increase in immigration. Considering the importance of the topic, in this research, the role of geomorphology in the economic situation of the border strip of Kurdistan province has been analyzed. Descriptive-analytical methods have been used in this research. The most important research data were the statistical information related to the studied area, DEM 30m, Google Earth images, and the results of the questionnaire. The most important research tools are ArcGIS, Expert Choice, SPSS and Google Earth. This research has been done in several stages. In the first stage, the geomorphological and functional status of the villages in the region has been examined. In the second stage, the relationship between the geomorphological factors and the economic status of the region has been explained, and in the third stage, effective solutions have been presented to improve the economic status of the region. Based on the results, the geomorphological situation of the border strip of Kurdistan province and the lack of attention to its capabilities have caused a decrease in the percentage of employment, as well as a trend towards fake jobs such as goods smuggling. Also, based on the results obtained, which were based on the geomorphology of the region and experts' opinions, the most important economic solutions in the border zone of Sarvabad and Saqqez cities were the development of the tourism situation. Furthermore, in the border strip of Marivan and Baneh counties, encouraging the attraction of domestic and foreign investment has been selected as the most significant strategy. Overall, the results obtained from this section also indicate that one of the most important problems in the region has been the lack of attention to the geomorphological conditions or planning without considering the environmental situation of the region. In terms of geomorphology, Kurdistan province is located in the mountain unit, and this problem has caused it to be associated with many restrictions for employment in various agricultural and industrial sectors. Restrictions on employment have caused a decrease in sustainable employment, an increase in false employment, including goods smuggling, and an increase in immigration. Considering the importance of the topic, in this research, the role of geomorphology in the economic situation of the border strip of Kurdistan province has been analyzed. Descriptive-analytical methods have been used in this research. The most important research data were the statistical information related to the studied area, DEM 30m, Google Earth images, and the results of the questionnaire. The most important research tools are ArcGIS, Expert Choice, SPSS and Google Earth. This research has been done in several stages. In the first stage, the geomorphological and functional status of the villages in the region has been examined. In the second stage, the relationship between the geomorphological factors and the economic status of the region has been explained, and in the third stage, effective solutions have been presented to improve the economic status of the region. Based on the results, the geomorphological situation of the border strip of Kurdistan province and the lack of attention to its capabilities have caused a decrease in the percentage of employment, as well as a trend towards fake jobs such as goods smuggling. Also, based on the results obtained, which were based on the geomorphology of the region and experts' opinions, the most important economic solutions in the border zone of Sarvabad and Saqqez cities were the development of the tourism situation. Furthermore, in the border strip of Marivan and Baneh counties, encouraging the attraction of domestic and foreign investment has been selected as the most significant strategy. Overall, the results obtained from this section also indicate that one of the most important problems in the region has been the lack of attention to the geomorphological conditions or planning without considering the environmental situation of the region. https://grfs.urmia.ac.ir/article_121670_38de0dc60f7160553cbe3b844dbb24f9.pdf

Urmia University Geography and Regional Future Studies 2981-118X 3 1 2025 05 22 The analysis of the impact of spiritual intelligence on urban quality of life in Tabriz: A future-oriented approach The analysis of the impact of spiritual intelligence on urban quality of life in Tabriz: A future-oriented approach 16 38 121671 10.30466/grfs.2025.55856.1079 FA Ali Zeynali Azim Postdoctoral researcher in urban design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Dabir Shahid Rajaei, University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-5486-8452 Hadis Solookaneh Miandoab Department of Architecture, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran Marjan Latifi Oskouei Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, Al-Taha Non-Profit Higher Education Institute, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 06 In today's world, urban life quality is one of the main concerns of urban planners. Various dimensions of quality of life in cities are influenced by multiple factors, among which spiritual intelligence plays a significant role. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the impact of four dimensions of spiritual intelligence on six dimensions of urban life quality in Tabriz, adopting a future-oriented approach. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection tools included the standard Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) by King and DeCicco and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). The statistical population consisted of individuals aged 18 and above in Tabriz. A sample size of 383 participants was selected through cluster random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and quality of life, and regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of the independent variable (spiritual intelligence) on the dependent variable (urban quality of life). Independent T-tests were used to compare mean differences between the two groups. The findings indicate that "expanded awareness" has the most significant impact on the psychological health of Tabriz residents, with a regression coefficient of 0.75. Additionally, "existential critical thinking" with a coefficient of 0.72 has a notable effect on physical health. Furthermore, "personal meaning production" significantly influences economic well-being (coefficient 0.65), and "transcendental awareness" is meaningfully associated with urban environmental quality (coefficient 0.60). Other findings reveal that "existential critical thinking" positively affects social relationships, and "expanded awareness" contributes significantly to urban security. Based on these findings, Scenario 1 emphasizes the impact of spiritual intelligence on various aspects of individual and social life, while Scenario 2 focuses on future-oriented thinking and the link between spiritual awareness and urban quality of life in Tabriz. The results of the research indicate that spiritual intelligence can be considered a key factor in improving the quality of urban life in Tabriz. Therefore, strengthening cultural and spiritual public spaces, developing meaningful job opportunities, and implementing environmental education programs at the city level can help improve the quality of life for Tabriz citizens while managing future challenges. In today's world, urban life quality is one of the main concerns of urban planners. Various dimensions of quality of life in cities are influenced by multiple factors, among which spiritual intelligence plays a significant role. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the impact of four dimensions of spiritual intelligence on six dimensions of urban life quality in Tabriz, adopting a future-oriented approach. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection tools included the standard Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) by King and DeCicco and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). The statistical population consisted of individuals aged 18 and above in Tabriz. A sample size of 383 participants was selected through cluster random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and quality of life, and regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of the independent variable (spiritual intelligence) on the dependent variable (urban quality of life). Independent T-tests were used to compare mean differences between the two groups. The findings indicate that "expanded awareness" has the most significant impact on the psychological health of Tabriz residents, with a regression coefficient of 0.75. Additionally, "existential critical thinking" with a coefficient of 0.72 has a notable effect on physical health. Furthermore, "personal meaning production" significantly influences economic well-being (coefficient 0.65), and "transcendental awareness" is meaningfully associated with urban environmental quality (coefficient 0.60). Other findings reveal that "existential critical thinking" positively affects social relationships, and "expanded awareness" contributes significantly to urban security. Based on these findings, Scenario 1 emphasizes the impact of spiritual intelligence on various aspects of individual and social life, while Scenario 2 focuses on future-oriented thinking and the link between spiritual awareness and urban quality of life in Tabriz. The results of the research indicate that spiritual intelligence can be considered a key factor in improving the quality of urban life in Tabriz. Therefore, strengthening cultural and spiritual public spaces, developing meaningful job opportunities, and implementing environmental education programs at the city level can help improve the quality of life for Tabriz citizens while managing future challenges. https://grfs.urmia.ac.ir/article_121671_b3535a3b67d976ae9c8a8fc72f519540.pdf

Urmia University Geography and Regional Future Studies 2981-118X 3 1 2025 05 22 Structural analysis of urban sustainable transportation policies for the future livability of Tehran Structural analysis of urban sustainable transportation policies for the future livability of Tehran 39 55 121672 10.30466/grfs.2025.56019.1093 FA Navid Ahangari Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-7941-7882 Asma Yavari Department of Urbanization, Faculty of Engineering, Kish International Campus, Tehran South Branch, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0003-4770-4064 Journal Article 2025 02 28 Urban planning and transportation significantly influence the sustainability and livability of cities, shaping the quality of life for urban residents. This study aims to structurally analyze urban sustainable transportation policies to enhance the future livability of Tehran, employing a future studies approach. The research methodology is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data collection relied on library research, documentation, surveys, and the Delphi method. The statistical population comprised experts in urban studies, with a purposive sample of 70 respondents selected using the snowball sampling method. For data analysis, the MICMAC (Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification) method was employed to assess, rank, and categorize indicators, while Scenario Wizard was utilized to develop final scenarios. The results revealed that indicators such as reducing air pollutant emissions, enhancing equity in access to public transportation, and increasing the use of shared and eco-friendly transportation modes exert the greatest influence on other indicators. Direct and indirect impact analysis highlighted the pivotal role of reducing emissions and developing digital transportation services in improving environmental quality. Additionally, scenario analysis indicated a positive interplay of indicators in the optimistic scenario, while poor management was evident in the pessimistic scenario. Thus, the findings underscore the critical role of foresight in shaping sustainable transportation policies and offer strategic insights for policymakers to improve sustainable transportation and urban livability in Tehran Urban planning and transportation significantly influence the sustainability and livability of cities, shaping the quality of life for urban residents. This study aims to structurally analyze urban sustainable transportation policies to enhance the future livability of Tehran, employing a future studies approach. The research methodology is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data collection relied on library research, documentation, surveys, and the Delphi method. The statistical population comprised experts in urban studies, with a purposive sample of 70 respondents selected using the snowball sampling method. For data analysis, the MICMAC (Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification) method was employed to assess, rank, and categorize indicators, while Scenario Wizard was utilized to develop final scenarios. The results revealed that indicators such as reducing air pollutant emissions, enhancing equity in access to public transportation, and increasing the use of shared and eco-friendly transportation modes exert the greatest influence on other indicators. Direct and indirect impact analysis highlighted the pivotal role of reducing emissions and developing digital transportation services in improving environmental quality. Additionally, scenario analysis indicated a positive interplay of indicators in the optimistic scenario, while poor management was evident in the pessimistic scenario. Thus, the findings underscore the critical role of foresight in shaping sustainable transportation policies and offer strategic insights for policymakers to improve sustainable transportation and urban livability in Tehran https://grfs.urmia.ac.ir/article_121672_b3c2153de6c2bab87d84ddf1b305e212.pdf

Urmia University Geography and Regional Future Studies 2981-118X 3 1 2025 05 22 A reflection on Jane Jacobs's Street Watching Theory and women's safe spaces with a futuristic approach (Case: Narges Women's Park, Tehran) A reflection on Jane Jacobs's Street Watching Theory and women's safe spaces with a futuristic approach (Case: Narges Women's Park, Tehran) 56 71 121673 10.30466/grfs.2025.55925.1092 FA Somayeh Teymouri Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-9533-8682 Journal Article 2025 02 26 The purpose of this study is to examine Jane Jacobs's street-watching eyes theory and its relationship to women's safe spaces with a futuristic perspective in Tehran's Narges Women's Park. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and a foresight method. Analyzing information with Scenario Wizard software to develop prioritized scenarios, compatible scenarios are identified, and then desirable future scenarios are prioritized, described, and interpreted. The statistical population and sample size are 30 experts and scholars in the field of urban issues and urban management, who have been weighted and scored using the Wizard Scenario Matrix. The research scenarios have been examined by experts and scholars in the form of an uncertainty questionnaire with physical, social, aesthetic, functional, and location-finding indicators. The results showed that in the dimensions under study, the physical dimension index (emphasis on small residential blocks) in scenario 1 and the index (reduction of crime, especially in parks around the house) in scenario 2 (desirable scenarios); in the social dimension index (order of activities over visual order) in scenario 1 and the index (providing night security) in scenario 2 (static scenarios); in the aesthetic dimension index (protection of life) (ideal scenario); in the functional dimension index (emphasis on functional diversity in residential neighborhoods) in scenario 1 and the index (emphasis on density and concentration as a vital factor of urban life) in scenario 2 (desirable scenarios); and in the location dimension index (locating compatible uses together) (static scenario); were the coherent images in plausible scenarios according to the outputs obtained from the Scenario Wizard software. The purpose of this study is to examine Jane Jacobs's street-watching eyes theory and its relationship to women's safe spaces with a futuristic perspective in Tehran's Narges Women's Park. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and a foresight method. Analyzing information with Scenario Wizard software to develop prioritized scenarios, compatible scenarios are identified, and then desirable future scenarios are prioritized, described, and interpreted. The statistical population and sample size are 30 experts and scholars in the field of urban issues and urban management, who have been weighted and scored using the Wizard Scenario Matrix. The research scenarios have been examined by experts and scholars in the form of an uncertainty questionnaire with physical, social, aesthetic, functional, and location-finding indicators. The results showed that in the dimensions under study, the physical dimension index (emphasis on small residential blocks) in scenario 1 and the index (reduction of crime, especially in parks around the house) in scenario 2 (desirable scenarios); in the social dimension index (order of activities over visual order) in scenario 1 and the index (providing night security) in scenario 2 (static scenarios); in the aesthetic dimension index (protection of life) (ideal scenario); in the functional dimension index (emphasis on functional diversity in residential neighborhoods) in scenario 1 and the index (emphasis on density and concentration as a vital factor of urban life) in scenario 2 (desirable scenarios); and in the location dimension index (locating compatible uses together) (static scenario); were the coherent images in plausible scenarios according to the outputs obtained from the Scenario Wizard software. https://grfs.urmia.ac.ir/article_121673_eb82bcec709a81e9a0a64970069e8057.pdf

Urmia University Geography and Regional Future Studies 2981-118X 3 1 2025 05 22 Meta-synthesis of the interaction relationship between knowledge management and strategic foresight in knowledge-based organizations and technology-oriented companies with a fuzzy Delphi approach Meta-synthesis of the interaction relationship between knowledge management and strategic foresight in knowledge-based organizations and technology-oriented companies with a fuzzy Delphi approach 72 90 121674 10.30466/grfs.2025.55999.1089 FA Khalil Koulivand PhD in Futures Studies, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, and lecturer at Khatam Al-Anbiya Air Defense University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6690-6313 Mohammad Rahim Eivazi Professor, Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0004-1985-6754 Journal Article 2025 02 21 This study aims to synthesize and explain the interactive relationship between knowledge management and strategic foresight in knowledge-based organizations and technology-driven companies. Using the fuzzy Delphi method, the study examines the role of these concepts in enhancing strategic processes. This applied-developmental research follows a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative phase, a meta-synthesis of studies from the past decade was conducted, while in the quantitative phase, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed to gather expert opinions from 23 specialists. After two rounds of the Delphi process, 17 key themes were confirmed out of 39 initial themes. The study reveals that the relationship between knowledge management and strategic foresight can be defined through concepts such as future trend forecasting, innovation, knowledge management and sharing, responsiveness to challenges, long-term strategy formulation, risk management, scenario simulation, and sustainable competitive advantage development. The results indicate that the interaction between knowledge management and strategic foresight enhances the capacity of knowledge-based organizations to analyze future trends, make intelligent decisions, and respond effectively to environmental changes. This interaction also fosters innovation and establishes a sustainable competitive advantage. This study explores the interplay between two key concepts in knowledge-based organizations, providing insights that can improve strategic processes and help organizations prepare for future challenges. This study aims to synthesize and explain the interactive relationship between knowledge management and strategic foresight in knowledge-based organizations and technology-driven companies. Using the fuzzy Delphi method, the study examines the role of these concepts in enhancing strategic processes. This applied-developmental research follows a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative phase, a meta-synthesis of studies from the past decade was conducted, while in the quantitative phase, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed to gather expert opinions from 23 specialists. After two rounds of the Delphi process, 17 key themes were confirmed out of 39 initial themes. The study reveals that the relationship between knowledge management and strategic foresight can be defined through concepts such as future trend forecasting, innovation, knowledge management and sharing, responsiveness to challenges, long-term strategy formulation, risk management, scenario simulation, and sustainable competitive advantage development. The results indicate that the interaction between knowledge management and strategic foresight enhances the capacity of knowledge-based organizations to analyze future trends, make intelligent decisions, and respond effectively to environmental changes. This interaction also fosters innovation and establishes a sustainable competitive advantage. This study explores the interplay between two key concepts in knowledge-based organizations, providing insights that can improve strategic processes and help organizations prepare for future challenges. https://grfs.urmia.ac.ir/article_121674_a8dbcf43b757195de8d5a9e011b2d5a7.pdf

Urmia University Geography and Regional Future Studies 2981-118X 3 1 2025 05 22 Future studies of the geo-economic outlook of the Aras Free Zone Future studies of the geo-economic outlook of the Aras Free Zone 91 112 121675 10.30466/grfs.2025.56003.1090 FA Ali Valigholizadeh Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran. 0000-0002-7475-4214 Journal Article 2025 02 21 This study employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine and analyze the geo-economic outlook of the Aras Free Trade-Industrial Zone in relation to foreign trade, investment, job creation, transit, tourism, and economic-security planning for the Aras border area. The research employs trend analysis and futures studies, drawing on library literature and statistical data within the framework of existential philosophy and the macroeconomic goals of free zones. Despite the statistical uncertainties surrounding the performance of Iranian free trade zones in general and Aras in particular, the evaluation of Aras's geo-economic outlook reveals significant inefficiencies, indicating a failure to meet its primary objectives. The findings demonstrate that, from a geo-economic perspective, the prospects for free trade zones in Iran reflect the broader economic situation of the country, with the Aras Free Zone being no exception. The outlook, economic size, and geo-economic influence of Iran’s free trade zones should be assessed in comparison to those of the national economy. Given the prevailing trends in Iran’s macroeconomics, the geo-economic outlook and economic performance of the country’s free trade zones are not surprising. However, the potential of the Iranian economy is much greater than what is currently being realized. This situation can be effectively improved through principled planning and policymaking, particularly within a framework that prioritizes national interests, the benefits of which would undoubtedly extend to the free trade zones. On the other hand, if the current conditions and existing policies continue, it is likely that the free trade zone initiative in Iran will become entirely ineffective and unattractive in the near future, especially from a geo-economic perspective. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine and analyze the geo-economic outlook of the Aras Free Trade-Industrial Zone in relation to foreign trade, investment, job creation, transit, tourism, and economic-security planning for the Aras border area. The research employs trend analysis and futures studies, drawing on library literature and statistical data within the framework of existential philosophy and the macroeconomic goals of free zones. Despite the statistical uncertainties surrounding the performance of Iranian free trade zones in general and Aras in particular, the evaluation of Aras's geo-economic outlook reveals significant inefficiencies, indicating a failure to meet its primary objectives. The findings demonstrate that, from a geo-economic perspective, the prospects for free trade zones in Iran reflect the broader economic situation of the country, with the Aras Free Zone being no exception. The outlook, economic size, and geo-economic influence of Iran’s free trade zones should be assessed in comparison to those of the national economy. Given the prevailing trends in Iran’s macroeconomics, the geo-economic outlook and economic performance of the country’s free trade zones are not surprising. However, the potential of the Iranian economy is much greater than what is currently being realized. This situation can be effectively improved through principled planning and policymaking, particularly within a framework that prioritizes national interests, the benefits of which would undoubtedly extend to the free trade zones. On the other hand, if the current conditions and existing policies continue, it is likely that the free trade zone initiative in Iran will become entirely ineffective and unattractive in the near future, especially from a geo-economic perspective. https://grfs.urmia.ac.ir/article_121675_113b0a911d9b1cdec152c2e7954261f3.pdf

Urmia University Geography and Regional Future Studies 2981-118X 3 1 2025 05 22 Investigating the impact of sustainable tourism indicators on urban environment protection (North Tehran tourism hub) Investigating the impact of sustainable tourism indicators on urban environment protection (North Tehran tourism hub) 113 128 121676 10.30466/grfs.2025.56044.1097 FA Keramatollah Ziari Department of Human Geography and planning, faculty of geography, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-9135-4768 Faeghe Atabak Department of Tourism, Qeshm International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0009-0008-7821-4005 Journal Article 2025 03 14 Cities are often densely populated, and green spaces are limited. Sustainable tourism practices can help protect these areas by reducing the number of visitors and promoting environmentally friendly activities, such as bird watching or nature walks. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of sustainable tourism indicators in the direction of protecting the urban environment. The current research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was the tourists who visited the tourist attractions of Lavasan to Gachsar during April 2024, and using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling, 384 people were selected as the statistical sample. To collect data, a sustainable tourism indicators questionnaire and an urban environmental protection questionnaire were used. The findings showed that there is a relationship between economic factors (T=3.132), tolerable capacity of the city (T=3.091), non-physical infrastructure of tourism (T=6.037) and physical infrastructure of tourism (T=2.649) and protection of the urban environment. This study concludes that sustainable tourism indicators can be used to monitor and evaluate the impact of tourism on the environment, culture and economy. The study also shows that promoting sustainable tourism practices, such as reducing waste and saving energy, can help reduce the negative effects of tourism on the environment. Cities are often densely populated, and green spaces are limited. Sustainable tourism practices can help protect these areas by reducing the number of visitors and promoting environmentally friendly activities, such as bird watching or nature walks. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of sustainable tourism indicators in the direction of protecting the urban environment. The current research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was the tourists who visited the tourist attractions of Lavasan to Gachsar during April 2024, and using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling, 384 people were selected as the statistical sample. To collect data, a sustainable tourism indicators questionnaire and an urban environmental protection questionnaire were used. The findings showed that there is a relationship between economic factors (T=3.132), tolerable capacity of the city (T=3.091), non-physical infrastructure of tourism (T=6.037) and physical infrastructure of tourism (T=2.649) and protection of the urban environment. This study concludes that sustainable tourism indicators can be used to monitor and evaluate the impact of tourism on the environment, culture and economy. The study also shows that promoting sustainable tourism practices, such as reducing waste and saving energy, can help reduce the negative effects of tourism on the environment. https://grfs.urmia.ac.ir/article_121676_e5ea00f86154d1a2a0eaff2e61b58a98.pdf