The analysis of the impact of spiritual intelligence on urban quality of life in Tabriz: A future-oriented approach

Document Type : Original Research Articles

Authors

1 Postdoctoral researcher in urban design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Dabir Shahid Rajaei, University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Architecture, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, Al-Taha Non-Profit Higher Education Institute, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In today's world, urban life quality is one of the main concerns of urban planners. Various dimensions of quality of life in cities are influenced by multiple factors, among which spiritual intelligence plays a significant role. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the impact of four dimensions of spiritual intelligence on six dimensions of urban life quality in Tabriz, adopting a future-oriented approach. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection tools included the standard Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) by King and DeCicco and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). The statistical population consisted of individuals aged 18 and above in Tabriz. A sample size of 383 participants was selected through cluster random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and quality of life, and regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of the independent variable (spiritual intelligence) on the dependent variable (urban quality of life). Independent T-tests were used to compare mean differences between the two groups. The findings indicate that "expanded awareness" has the most significant impact on the psychological health of Tabriz residents, with a regression coefficient of 0.75. Additionally, "existential critical thinking" with a coefficient of 0.72 has a notable effect on physical health. Furthermore, "personal meaning production" significantly influences economic well-being (coefficient 0.65), and "transcendental awareness" is meaningfully associated with urban environmental quality (coefficient 0.60). Other findings reveal that "existential critical thinking" positively affects social relationships, and "expanded awareness" contributes significantly to urban security. Based on these findings, Scenario 1 emphasizes the impact of spiritual intelligence on various aspects of individual and social life, while Scenario 2 focuses on future-oriented thinking and the link between spiritual awareness and urban quality of life in Tabriz. The results of the research indicate that spiritual intelligence can be considered a key factor in improving the quality of urban life in Tabriz. Therefore, strengthening cultural and spiritual public spaces, developing meaningful job opportunities, and implementing environmental education programs at the city level can help improve the quality of life for Tabriz citizens while managing future challenges.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Alsalkhi, M. J. (2019). Spiritual Intelligence and Its Relation with Psychological Stability of a Sample of Students from the College of Arts and Sciences in the University of Petra. International Journal of Learning, https://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/1407.
Alshebami, A. S., Alholiby, M. S., Elshaer, I. A., Sobaih, A. E. E., and Al Marri, S. H. (2023). Examining the relationship between green mindfulness, spiritual intelligence, and environmental self identity: unveiling the path to green entrepreneurial intention. Adm. Sci. 13:226. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13100226.
Amerian, M. (2024), Identifying the Impact of Social Capital on Quality of Urban Life (Evidence from Iran). Soc Indic Res 171, 921-936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03287-3.
Arbabisarjou, A., Hesabi, N., Homaei, R., Omeidi, K., Ghaljaei, F., & Arish, N. (2016). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with a concentration on improvement of social relations. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 5(9S), 596-603. https://www.ijmrhs.com.
Barkhordari-Sharifabad M, Kaka-Tafti S, Bastani P, Mahmoudi-Hashemi F. (2022). Investigating the Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Moral Sensitivity of Nursing Students. IJMEHM; 15 (1) :239-252. (In Persian). http://ijme.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6492-fa.html. [In Persian]
Baykal E (2024) Utilizing spiritual intelligence and workplace spirituality in creating collective awareness: the U-journey perspective. Front. Psychol. 15:1359562. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1359562
Bayramzadeh, N., & Foadmarashi, M. (2023). Spatial analysis of the development of townships from the perspective of physical indicators of livability (Case study: the townships of West Azerbaijan province). Geography and Regional Future Studies, 1(2), 1-16. doi: 10.30466/grfs.2023.54809.1007[In Persian]
Beldoch, M. (1964). Sensitivity to expression of emotional meaning in three modes of communication. The communication of emotional meaning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 31-42. http://ijrar.com/
Bohlmeijer ET, Frielingsdorf L, Kraiss JT, de Jager-Meezenbroek E, Visser A, Ten Klooster PM. (2023) Spirituality in the Context of Well-being. Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties and Added Value of the Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF). J Happiness Stud. 24(3):1169-1190 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00640-8.
Chan, J., & Erduran, S. (2024). Future-oriented science learning and its effects on students’ emotions, futures literacy and agency in the Anthropocene. Research in Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-024-10213-1.
D'Alpaos, C., & Andreolli, F. (2020). Urban quality in the city of the future: A bibliometric multicriteria assessment model. Ecological Indicators, 117, 106575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106575
Dobrowolska, E., Kopczewska, K. (2024), Mapping urban well-being with Quality Of Life Index (QOLI) at the fine-scale of grid data. Sci Rep 14, 9680. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60241-0.
Ebrahimi, N., Abedipoor, M., Karimi, M., and Jaras, M. (2023). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and coping styles with stress in adolescent girls in Gonabad. J. Pediatr. Nurs. 9, 1–10 https://doi.org/10.22034/JPEN.9.3.1. [In Persian]
Ebrahimzadeh, I., Mousavi, M. N., & Bagheri Kashkoli, A. (2016). Study of the Effectiveness of Relocation and Transferring of some Functions of Tehran in Organizing the Capital City. Geopolitics Quarterly, 12(41), 136–165. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.17354331.1395.12.41.6.2 [In Persian]
Emmons, R. A. (2000). Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. The International Journal for the psychology of Religion, 10(1), 3-26. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_2.
Farsad Asadi, F., Abolghasemi, S., & Shafiee Sabet, M. (2023). The Effects of Spiritual Intelligence Training on the Quality of Life and Happiness of Medical Students. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 41(727), 575-583. [In Persian].
Feli, S., Habib, F., & Zabihi, H. (2024). Futures Studies of the Environmental Component in Educating Cities: An Approach Based on Global Experiences. Geography and Regional Future Studies, 2(3), 24-42. doi: 10.30466/grfs.2024.55438.1068. [In Persian]
Fidelis, A & Moreira, A & Vitória, A. (2024). Multiple perspectives of spiritual intelligence: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 9. 100879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100879.
Ghalehteimouri, K. J., Shamsoddini, A., Bayramzadeh, N., & Mousavi, M. N. (2023). Identifying the pleasant sounds in the city's public parks environment (Case study: Mellat riverside park, Urmia). 1., 9(1), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.25765/sauc.v9i1.690
Haghani S, Khodabakhshi-koolaee A. (2022), Role of Spiritual Intelligence and Positive Thinking in the Prediction of Psychological Hardiness in Women Recovered from Addiction. Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology 9 (3) :90-95 http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-410-en.html. [In Persian]
Han, E., & Cho, T. (2023). Validation of the Korean version of the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (K-SISRI). Korean Human Resource Development Strategy Institute, 18(2), 99-122. https://doi.org/10.21329/khrd.2023.18.2.99.
Hassanpoor E, salari chineh P, barshan A, Manzari Tavakoli V. (2023). The Mediating Role of the Quality of Islamic Life in the Relationship between Academic Perfectionism and the Spiritual Intelligence of the Senior High School Students. qaiie. 8(1), 111-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/qaiie.8.1.111. [In Persian]
Heydari Fard Z, Maleki MR, Pourasghari H. (2024), Principle Concepts in Futures Studies: A Narrative Review. Health Tech Ass Act; 8(4). 53-61.
Jacobs, N.S., Cornelius, S., Claassen, C. (2024), Academic Knowledge on Quality of Life in Urban Africa: What Do We Know? Urban Forum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-024-09508-3
Karbasi Salmasi, A., & Kargar, B. (2023). Explaining the social dimensions of livability in informal settlements (Case study: Koshtargah neighborhood). Geography and Regional Future Studies, 1(2), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.30466/grfs.2023.54897.1019 [In Persian]
Khaddam, A. A., Alzghoul, A., Khawaldeh, K., Alnajdawi, S. M. A., Al-Kasasbeh, O. (2023) How Spiritual Leadership Influences Creative Behaviors: the Mediating Role of Workplace Climate, Intern. Journal of Profess. Bus. Review. 8(2) 01-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i2.1106.
King, D. B., & DeCicco, T. L. (2009). A viable model and self-report measure of spiritual intelligence. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 28(1), 68–85. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 28 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2009.28.1.68
Krems, J. A., Kenrick, D. T., & Neel, R. (2017). Individual perceptions of self-actualization: What functional motives are linked to fulfilling one’s full potential? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(9), 1337-1352. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0146167217713191.
Leuner, B. (1966). Emotional intelligence and emancipation. A psychodynamic study on women. Praxis der neuropsychology und neuropsychiatry, 15(6), 196. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5975008/.
Ligarski, M. J., & Owczarek, T. (2023). How cities study quality of life and use this information: Results of an empirical study. Sustainability, 15(10), 8221. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108221.
Ligarski, M. J., & Owczarek, T. (2024). Preparing quality of life surveys versus using information for sustainable development: The example of Polish cities. Social Indicators Research, 173(3), 765–782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03371-2
Lotfollahian, H., GhafariGilandeh, A., & Yazdani, M. H. (2023). Determining effective strategies to improve the quality of urban life with a forward-looking approach (case study: Ardabil city). Geography, 21(76), 83-130. https://dorl.net/dor/http://dor.net/dor/20.1001.1.27833739.1402.21.76.6.7. [In Persian]
Mousavi, M. N., Shirazi, S. A., Nasar-u.-Minallah, M., & Bayramzadeh, N. (2025). Introducing the Mousavi Primate City Index for Iran’s Urban System assessment. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, 18(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2025-3218
Mousavi, M., & Bayramzadeh, N. (2024). Spatial analysis of the trend of regional inequalities in Iran. Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR), 33(131), 105-125. https://doi.org/10.22131/sepehr.2024.2017054.3039 [In Persian]
Mousavi, M., Jahangirzadeh, J., Bayramzadeh, N., & Omidvarfar, S. (2023). An analysis of the state of good governance in Urban Peripheral villages of Urmia. Preipheral Urban Spaces Development, 5(2), 221-236. https://doi.org/10.22034/jpusd.2023.397271.1270 [In Persian].
Nasel, D. (2004) Spiritual Orientation in Relation to Spiritual Intelligence: A Consideration of Tra-ditional Christianity and New Age/Individualistic Spirituality. University of South Australia.
Nemati Nasab, M. R. , Sattari Sarbangholi, H. , Pakdelfard, M. R. and Jamali, S. (2024). Evaluating the urban cultural spaces based on environmental quality components (Case study: Tabriz City). International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 15(9), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.22075/ijnaa.2023.31466.4635.
Norouzi, R. N., & Honari, H. (2023). The Comparison of Life Quality, Mental Health and Intellectual Intelligence in Teachers of Physical Education and Other Teachers of District 5 of Tehran. journal of motor and behavioral sciences, 6(1), 67-76. https://www.jmbs.ir/article_186959.html. [In Persian]
Pant, N, & Srivastava, S. K. (2019). The impact of spiritual intelligence, gender and educational background on mental health among college students. Journal of religion and health, 58(1), 87-108. [In Persian]
Pawlak S & Moustafa AA (2023) A systematic review of the impact of future-oriented thinking on academic outcomes. Front. Psychol. 14:1190546. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190546.
Rajabi Jurshari M, Amir Azodi T, Sarvar R, Tavakoli Nia J. (2023), Evaluation of the realization of the smart city with the emphasis on the quality of urban life. Case Study: District 2 of Tehran. Applied Research Journal of Geographical Sciences; 23 (70): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/jgs.23.70.487. [In Persian]
Ram, V., & Srivastav, A. S. (2024). The relationship of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence with individual work performance in Indian population. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 12(2), 455. https://doi.org/10.25215/1202.455.
Ramachandaran, S. D., Krauss, S. E., Hamzah, A., & Idris, K. (2017). Effectiveness of the use of spiritual intlligence in women academic leadership practice. International Journal of Educational Management, 31(2): 160-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2015-0123. [In Persian]
Saberifar, R. (2024). Investigating indicators of the quality of urban life (Case study: Birjand city). Journal of Sustainable Urban & Regional Development Studies (JSURDS), 5(2), 1-18. (In Persian). https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.27830764.1403.5.2.1.5 [In Persian]
Sapena, M.; Wurm, M.; Taubenböck, H.; Tuia, D.; Ruiz, L.A. (2021), Estimating quality of life dimensions from urban spatial pattern metrics. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 85, 101549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101549.
Satpathy, T.K. & Samanta, S. (2020a). Influence of Spiritual Intelligence on human psychology- a review, Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu 16 (5). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358796752.
 Satpathy, T.K. & Samanta, S. (2020b). Decoding Phenotypic of Spirituality- A literature review, Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu 16 (5). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358796757.
Satpathy, T.K., Samanta, S. (2020c), A Study on Spiritual Intelligence among MBBS Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 8 (1), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijocm.v8i1.1316.
Senmar M, Azimian J, Noorian S, Aliakbari M, Chegini N. (2023), Relationship between spiritual intelligence and lifestyle with life satisfaction among students of medical sciences. BMC Med Educ. 19;23(1):520. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12909-023-04506-8.
Shirvani Nagani, M., Koulivand, F., Ejabi, M., & Mohammadi, A. (20224). The review of future studies in Iranian scientific journals from 1381 to 1401. Journal of Iranian Futures Studies, 1(5), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.30479/JFS.2023.18178.1452. [In Persian]
Soleimani Mehrnejani, M., Shahsavar, A., & Ebadi Gharebaba, N. (2024). Future Study of the Spatial Development of the Peri-Urban Areas (Case Study: Southern Range of the 19th District of Tehran Megalopolis). Geography and Regional Future Studies, 2(3), 1-23. doi: 10.30466/grfs.2024.55076.1038. [In Persian]
Tsuyoshi T, Hiroyoshi M, Shinichiro N. (2022), Evaluating the Quality of Life for Sustainable Urban Development, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2348981/v1
UN-Habitat, (2016). In World Cities Report 2016-Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures; United Nations Human Settlements Programme: Nairobi, Kenya, 2016. https://unhabitat.org/world-cities-report-2016
Upadhyay, S. (2017). Can spiritual intelligence influence research performance in higher education? Framework for human resource development in higher education. Administratie Si Management Public, 28, 153–173. https://ideas.repec.org/a/rom/rampas/v2017y2017i28p153-173.html
Wesz, J.G.B.; Miron, L.I.G.; Delsante, I.; Tzortzopoulos, P. (2023), Urban Quality of Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Urban Sci. 7, 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020056
Zeynali Azim, A. (2022). Analysis of place attachment in the city of Tabriz by using the scale of smart cities during the Covid-19 disease. Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), 10(3), 65-80.   https://doi.org/10.22059/jurbangeo.2022.342120.1687. [In Persian]
Zeynali Azim, A., Fadaei Haghi, M., Alizadeh, A., Jodeiri Abbasi, M., Fathipour, R., & Sharifi, M. (2024). Measuring the Effective Factors in the Non-Development of the Sustainable Smart City of Tabriz. Environmental Sciences, 22(3), 427-446. doi: 10.48308/envs.2024.1337. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.48308/envs.2024.1337. [In Persian]
Zeynali Azim, A., Rezai, B., Farji, S., & Rafizadeh, M. (2023). Measuring the Social Indicators of the Quality of Urban Life with a Micro- Scale in Tabriz. Urban Economics and Planning, 4(2), 34-51 https://doi.org/10.22034/uep.2023.390715.1341. [In Persian]
Zhou, Z., Tavan, H., Kavarizadeh, F., et al. (2024). The relationship between emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and student achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Education, 24, 217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05208-5.
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000). Spiritual Intelligence: The Ultimate Intelligence. London: Bloomsbury. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2633245.
Geography and Regional Future Studies
Volume 3, Issue 1 - Serial Number 9
Spring
June 2025
Pages 16-38

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics