Integrated Analysis of Urban Management, Crisis Management, and Passive Defense Indicators with Emphasis on Social Participation Role in Enhancing Urban Resilience (Case Study: Karaj Metropolis)

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Articles

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

10.30466/grfs.2026.56759.1173

Abstract

In resource to increasing vulnerability existed in metropolises of Iran against natural and abnormal dangers, strengthening urban resistance as a vital necessity has been broached in urban planning and development. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key indices in three domains of urban management, crisis governorship and passive defense, in an incorporated way and to address the role of social association in improving urban resistance in Karaj metropolis to a great extent.

This study has been implemented by using mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative) and case study concerned with Karaj metropolis. At first the processes as interviewing with experts, content analysis and the key indices of urban resistance were educed and the relationships among them specified by Delphi technique validation and then through ISM model. Eventually findings were confirmed and tested by quantitative data collection from 387 urban specialists through completing questionnaires and by using CFA and SEM methods.

The results demonstrated that humane-social components especially citizenship association and local empowerment place in basic level of the model and act as a stimulation of other indices. In contrast, technical and institutional components including smart substructure, multilevel governorship and passive defense measures have placed in high levels and have an effective role in enhancing resistance indirectly. Furthermore, line analysis confirms that urban resistance is not realized by somatic interventions exclusively; on the contrary humane and institutional capacities are the pivot of system stability.

The current study represents conceptual framework for urban decisions, crisis managements, prioritizing passive defense measures and improving citizenship association by combining three above-mentioned domains. Despite taking Karaj into account, this model has the capacity of generalization into other earthquake-metropolises of the country and it can be used as a generalizable and reconcilable framework for urban planning based on resistance.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Geography and Regional Future Studies

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 19 April 2026

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