شناخت و تحلیل راهبردهای آینده‌محوری توسعه گردشگری منطقه خزر (ایران و روسیه)؛ یک مطالعه ترکیبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده میراث فرهنگی، صنایع‌دستی و گردشگری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

4 استاد، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

5 دانشگاه فدرال کازان، روسیه

چکیده

گردشگری به‌عنوان یک کلان پیشران می‌تواند بسترساز توسعه منطقه‌ای قلمداد شود. برخی از مناطق به‌واسطه موقعیت جغرافیایی و استراتژیک، شرایط منحصربه‌فردی دارند اما به دلایل گوناگون نتوانسته‌اند از پتانسیل‌های حوزه گردشگری بهره‌برداری نمایند. حوضه دریای خزر، می‌تواند نمونه بارزی از این مناطق باشد. کشورهای حوضه دریای خزر ازلحاظ گردشگری آن‌چنان‌که باید، نتوانسته‌اند از ظرفیت‌های گردشگری استفاده نمایند؛ بنابراین اتخاذ راهبردهای مطلوب جهت بهره‌برداری و توسعه گردشگری در این منطقه با نگاه به آینده بسیاری ضروری است که در این پژوهش مورد تأکید است. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی، از نوع ترکیبی (کیفی-کمی) و مبتنی بر گردآوری داده‌های پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری را نخبگان حوزه گردشگری تشکیل داده‌اند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، مصاحبه و پرسش‌نامه است. تعداد ۱۸ نفر از طریق اشباع نظری و ۱۱۶ نفر از طریق روش گلوله برفی به‌عنوان حجم نمونه مصاحبه‌شونده و پرسشگری تعیین شد. در بخش کیفی، ۲۶ مفهوم اولیه شناسایی و در ۷ مفهوم اصلی (راهبرد) دسته‌بندی شدند که شامل راهبردهای بازاریابی، تبلیغات و رسانه، تسهیلگری دیپلماسی و سیاست‌گذاری منطقه‌ای، توسعه زیرساخت‌های گردشگری و خدمات، تقویت مشارکت محلی و بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های بومی، راهبرد محصول‌محور و تنوع‌بخشی به انواع گردشگری، راهبرد مدیریتی، سازمانی و پایدارسازی و همچنین توسعه گردشگری منطقه‌ای یکپارچه و فراملی بوده‌اند. نتیجه اعتبارسنجی راهبردها از طریق آزمون آماری در سطح کمتر از 0.05 و با میانگین 4.028 بر تأیید آن‌ها اشاره داشته است. همچنین نتیجه آزمون فریدمن نشان داد که راهبرد تقویت مشارکت محلی و بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های بومی با میانگین رتبه‌ای 5.13 به‌عنوان برجسته‌ترین راهبرد مورد تأیید است. نتیجه آنکه حوضه دریای خزر، ظرفیت‌های گردشگری متنوعی دارد که با استفاده از دیپلماسی، مشارکت و توسعه یکپارچه قابل ‌برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying and analyzing future-oriented strategies for tourism development in the Caspian region (Iran and Russia): A mixed-methods approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hojat Sadeghi 1
  • Rahman Zandi 2
  • Farhad Javan 3
  • Masoud Taghvaei 4
  • Hugo Bautista 5
1 Assistant professor, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
5 Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
چکیده [English]

Tourism, as a major driving force, can serve as a foundation for regional development. Certain regions possess unique advantages due to their geographical and strategic positions; however, for various reasons, they have not been able to effectively capitalize on their tourism potential. The Caspian Sea basin serves as a prominent example of such regions. Despite its considerable potential, the countries bordering the Caspian Sea have not fully utilized their tourism capacities. Therefore, adopting effective strategies for the utilization and development of tourism in this region is essential and emphasized in this study. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, employing a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative) based on survey data collection. The statistical population consists of tourism experts and professionals. Data collection tools included interviews and questionnaires. A total of 18 participants were selected for interviews through theoretical saturation, and 116 individuals were chosen for the survey using the snowball sampling method. In the qualitative phase, 26 initial concepts were identified and categorized into seven main strategic themes: marketing, advertising, and media strategies; facilitation of diplomacy and regional policy-making; development of tourism infrastructure and services; strengthening local participation and leveraging indigenous capacities; product-oriented strategies and diversification of tourism types; managerial, organizational, and sustainability strategies; and finally, integrated and transnational regional tourism development. The validation of the proposed strategies through statistical testing yielded a significance level below 0.05 and an average score of 4.028, confirming their acceptance. Additionally, the results of the Friedman test indicated that the strategy of strengthening local participation and leveraging indigenous capacities ranked highest with an average rank of 5.13, making it the most prominent strategy. In conclusion, the Caspian Sea basin possesses diverse tourism potentials that can be effectively planned and developed through diplomacy, local engagement, and integrated regional development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal Strategies
  • Future-oriented
  • Caspian Sea Basin
  • Tourism Development
  • Iran and Russia

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