بررسی عوامل کلیدی تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی و اثرات آن بر مناطق روستایی مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 دانشیار آب و هواشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

تغییر کاربری در اراضی کشاورزی در حال گسترش می­باشد و این تغییرات موجب تحولات عظیمی در سکونتگاه­های روستایی شده است. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی و بررسی پیامدهای ناشی از آن در نواحی روستایی است. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی می­باشد. جمع­آوری اطلاعات به‌صورت کتابخانه­ای و میدانی با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته انجام شده است. تعداد پرسشنامه­ها 278 عدد می­باشد. نتایج نشان داد که در میان عوامل اقتصادی، دلال‌بازی در بازار محصولات کشاورزی و عدم حمایت بانک‌ها از بخش کشاورزی بیشترین تأثیر را بر تغییر کاربری داشته‌اند. در بین عوامل اجتماعی، تمایل به زندگی مرفه‌تر و مهاجرت جوانان به شهر و در میان عوامل محیطی، ترس از خسارت ناشی از پدیده‌های طبیعی و کاهش بارندگی از مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بوده‌اند. در بُعد حقوقی نیز نبود قانون کارآمد و ضعف نظارت نهادهای دولتی نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای داشته است. یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که عامل حقوقی با میانگین 4.81 و عامل اقتصادی با میانگین 4.80 بیشترین تأثیر را در تغییر کاربری اراضی داشته‌اند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی پیامدهای متعددی در ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی به همراه داشته است؛ از جمله افزایش قیمت زمین و بورس‌بازی اراضی، از بین رفتن آداب‌ورسوم روستایی، گسترش ناهنجاری‌های اجتماعی، کاهش تنوع زیستی و تخریب یکپارچگی اراضی. در مجموع، می‌توان گفت که ضعف قوانین، فشارهای اقتصادی و عوامل اجتماعی، زمینه‌ساز اصلی تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی هستند و کنترل این روند مستلزم اصلاح سیاست‌های حقوقی و اقتصادی، تقویت حمایت‌های مالی از کشاورزان و افزایش آگاهی عمومی نسبت به ارزش‌های اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی زمین‌های کشاورزی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the key agricultural land-use change drivers and their impact on rural communities: A case study of the central district of Urmia, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shokoufeh Mohammadzadeh Qormik 1
  • Ayoub Manouchehri Miandoab 2
  • Hasan Heidari 3
1 Master's Graduate in Land Use Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Climatology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Land-use change in agricultural areas is accelerating, leading to significant transformations in rural settlements. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors influencing agricultural land-use change and to examine its consequences in rural regions. The research method is descriptive–analytical. Data were collected through both library and field methods using a researcher-made questionnaire. A total of 278 questionnaires were completed. The results indicated that among economic factors, brokerage activities in agricultural product markets and the lack of bank support for the agricultural sector had the greatest impact on land-use change. Among social factors, the desire for a more comfortable lifestyle and the migration of young people to cities were the most influential. Regarding environmental factors, fear of damage caused by natural phenomena and decreased rainfall were identified as key components. In the legal dimension, the absence of effective legislation and weak supervision by governmental institutions played a decisive role. Findings revealed that the legal factor, with a mean score of 4.81, and the economic factor, with a mean score of 4.80, had the greatest influence on agricultural land-use change. The results also showed that land-use change in agricultural areas has multiple economic, social, and environmental consequences, including an increase in land prices and speculative trading, loss of rural customs and traditions, the spread of social disorders, reduced biodiversity, and fragmentation of agricultural lands. Overall, it can be concluded that weak legal frameworks, economic pressures, and social factors are the main drivers of agricultural land-use change. Controlling this trend requires reforming legal and economic policies, strengthening financial support for farmers, and raising public awareness about the economic and environmental value of agricultural lands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land Use Change
  • Agricultural Land
  • Rural Areas
  • Urmia County

مراجع

Alonso, W. (1964). Location and land use: Toward a general theory of land rent. Harvard University Press.
Bahremand Paskeh, Z., & Kavosi Kelashmi, M. (2020). Identifying factors affecting agricultural land use change in Belgour village, Sowme'eh Sara County. Rural Development Strategies, 7 (2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.22048/rdsj.2020.241518.1861  [In Persian]
Barati, A. A., Asadi, A., Kalantari, K., Azadi, H., & Mamoorian, M. (2014). Analysis of the effects of agricultural land use changes from the perspective of experts of Agricultural Land Organization in Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 45 (4), 639–650. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53838 [In Persian]
Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Boroomand, M., Ghaajar Sepanlou, M., & Bahmanyar, M. A. (2012). The effect of land use change on some soil physical and chemical properties (Case study: Semsakandeh, Sari). Watershed Management Research Journal, 5 (9), 78–93. http://jwmr.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-366-fa.html [In Persian]
Bowen, M., Braverman, J., & Green, T. (1991). Land use change and rural development. Journal of Rural Studies, 7(3), 207–221.
Chelik, A. (2005). Rural land conversion and its environmental impacts. Environmental Management, 36(4), 555–567.https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5330
Clark, C. (1940). The conditions of economic progress. Macmillan.
Davison, A., Smith, R., & Brown, L. (2021). Global land use change and biodiversity loss: Patterns and consequences. Ecology and Evolution, 11(5), 2345–2360. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7321
Douroudian, H. R., & Douroudian, F. (2017). Socio-ecological consequences of uncontrolled agricultural land use change. Land Management Journal, 6 (8), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.22092/lmj.2018.115849 [In Persian]
Enaabestani, A. A., Javanshiri, M., & Yazdani, K. (2020). Analysis of the consequences of agricultural land use changes in rural settlements with an emphasis on saffron cultivation (Case study: Miyanjam Dehestan, Torbat-e Jam County). Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 8 (3), 437–459. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.23831529.1399.8.3.8.2 [In Persian]
Esmailpour, N., & Azizpour, F. (2009). Agricultural land use change and the relative increase in Yazd city temperature due to its rapid growth. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, (12), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.22067/geography.v7i12.8927 [In Persian]
Ewing, R. (1997). Is Los Angeles-style sprawl desirable? Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369708975723
Geist, H. J., & Lambin, E. F. (2002). Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation. Bioscience, 52(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0143:PCAUDF]2.0.CO;2
Ghadimi, S. A., Papzan, A., & Amini, A. (2018). Investigating the trend of agricultural land use change and its impact on sustainable development components (Case study: Zayandeh Rood basin, Isfahan province). Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension Research, 11 (3), 41–58. https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/jaeer/Article/826045 [In Persian]
Ghamashpasand, M. T., Moshiri, S. R., Kordavani, P., & Mahdavi, M. (2017). Analyzing the role of second homes in changing the agricultural land use in the rural areas of the central district of Lahijan County. New Attitudes in Human Geography, 9 (4), 1–13. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.66972251.1396.9.4.1.8 [In Persian]
Ghasemi, N., Raheli, H., Kohestani, H., & Kazemieh, F. (2021). Analysis of unauthorized agricultural land use changes in East Azerbaijan province using grounded theory. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31 (2), 317–338. https://doi.org/10.22034/saps.2021.13113 [In Persian]
Ghorbani Arani, B., Taremi, A., & Norouzi, A. (2019). Analysis of factors affecting the change of rural agricultural land use to gardens and villas (Case study: Kararj and Baraan-e Jonubi Dehestans, Isfahan County). Journal of Rural Research, 10 (2), 297–309. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.277593.1340 [In Persian]
Gorgaani, H. A. (2009). Physical development of the city and its impact on agricultural land use change [Master's thesis, University of Tehran]. [In Persian]
Hawley, A. H. (1986). Human ecology: A theoretical essay. University of Chicago Press.
Irwin, E. G., & Geoghegan, J. (2001). Theory, data, methods: Spatial econometrics and land use change. Journal of Geographical Systems, 3(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9238-9.ch009
Jahani, H. A. (2009). Physical development of the city and its impact on agricultural land use change [Master's thesis, University of Tehran]. [In Persian]
Karimipour Reyhan, M., Momeni, H., & Shahsavar, A. (2024). Analyzing the regional relations of urban peripherals with the center of Zanjan province. Journal of Geography and Regional Future Studies, 1(3), 14-29. https://doi.org/10.30466/grfs.2024.54960.1026 [In Persian]
Karbasi, A., Yazdankhah, B., & Mohammadzadeh, S. H. (2018). Investigating factors affecting agricultural land use change in Khorasan Razavi province. Journal of Environmental Studies, 44 (1), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.22059/jes.2018.248685.1007576 [In Persian]
Kelāli Moghadam, Zh. (2014). Investigating factors affecting agricultural land use change (Case study: Rural areas of Rasht County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 4 (1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v4i4.38498 [In Persian]
Lawler, J. J., Lewis, D. J., Nelson, E., Plantinga, A. J., Polasky, S., & Withey, J. C. (2014). Projected land-use change impacts on ecosystem services in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(20), 7492–7497. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405557111
Mendoza, M. E., Granados, E. L., Geneletti, D., Pérez-Salicrup, D. R., & Salinas, V. (2011). Analysing land cover and land use change processes at watershed level: A multitemporal study in the Lake Cuitzeo Watershed, Mexico (1975–2003). Applied Geography, 31(1), 237–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.010
Soleimani Mehrnejani, M., Shahsavar, A., & Ebadi, N. (2024). Future Study of the Spatial Development of the Peri-Urban Areas (Case Study: Southern Range of the 19th District of Tehran Megalopolis). Journal of Geography and Regional Future Studies, 2(3), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.30466/grfs.2024.55076.1038[In Persian]
Mohammadzadeh, L., Ghanniyan, M., Shadkam Torbati, S., & Marzban, A. (2020). Identifying factors affecting agricultural land use change in the southern basin of Lake Urmia: Analysis of farmers' behavior. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 16 (1), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.22034/iaeej.2020.203489.1460 [In Persian]
Muller, D., & Zeller, M. (2002). Land use dynamics in rural areas: Methods and applications. Agricultural Systems, 73(1), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2002.tb00124.x
Myrdal, G. (1957). Economic theory and underdeveloped regions. Harper & Row.
Nasiri, H. (2016). Spatio-temporal modeling of land use changes and its effects on rural economy [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Tehran. [In Persian]
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press.
OECD. (1993). Core set of indicators for environmental performance reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Petit, C., & Rudel, T. K. (2007). Modeling land cover change in rural landscapes. Global Environmental Change, 17(2), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2562-4_23
Pourbafarani, H., & Hemmati, M. (2016). A critique of Iran's criminal policy regarding environmental crimes. Rahbord Journal, 23 (87), [Page numbers if available]. https://nashr.majles.ir/article_171.html [In Persian]
Ray, R. (2012). Rural transformations: Land use and society. Oxford University Press.
Rostow, W. W. (1960). The stages of economic growth: A non-communist manifesto. Cambridge University Press.
Sadeghloo, M., Shafiei, H., & Kheirkhah, M. (2018). Urban sprawl and its impact on agricultural land use in Isfahan, Iran. Urban Geography, 39(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2017.1370492 [In Persian]
Sādi, H., & Avātefi, A. (2018). Factors affecting agricultural land use change in the villages of Hamadan County. Journal of Rural Economics and Development, 7 (2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.22034/jprd.2024.63335.1122 [In Persian]
Salimi Matin, N., & Riahi, V. (2021). Analysis of factors affecting land use changes in rural areas of the county. Geography and Human Relationships, 3 (4), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.22034/gahr.2021.276472.1523 [In Persian]
Turner, B. L., Lambin, E. F., & Reenberg, A. (2007). The earth as transformed by human action: Global and regional changes in the biosphere over the past 300 years. Cambridge University Press.
  Turner, B. L., Lambin, E. F., & Reenberg, A. (2007). The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(52), 20666–20671. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704119104
Turner, B. L., Lambin, E. F., & Reenberg, A. (2016). The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(35), 9151–9158. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601880113.
USGCRP. (2004). Climate change impacts on the United States: The potential consequences of climate variability and change. U.S. Global Change Research Program.
Vafaie, M., & Toohid, S. (2019). Land use change and its impact on rural development in Iran. Journal of Rural Studies, 68, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.001 [In Persian]
Wilkinson, K. P. (1991). The community in rural America. Greenwood Press.
Yazdanpanah, M., Mousavi, M., Sharifi, Z., Lamm, A., Löhr, K., & Sieber, S. (2025). Agricultural land use change in fertile areas (basic agriculture) in Southwestern Iran: Lessons learned from a qualitative study. Environment, Development and Sustainability.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-025-06800-5
Young, B. E., Baillie, J. E., & Isaac, N. J. B. (2016). Loss of biodiversity: Global trends and drivers. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085931
جغرافیا و آینده پژوهی منطقه‌ای
دوره 4، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 14
تابستان
شهریور 1405
صفحه 120-141

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار