واکاوی پیامدهای حضور اتباع افغانستان در نواحی روستایی مرزی با رویکرد کیفی تئوری بنیانی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان سیب و سوران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

حضور اتباع افغانی در ایران سابقه‌ای دیرینه دارد، به‌ویژه طی سال‌های پس از انقلاب اسلامی، ایران میزبان بزرگ‌ترین جمعیت پناهنده افغانستانی بوده است. آنچه بیشتر از همه مشکل‌ساز بوده، اقامت و حضور غیرقانونی گروه وسیعی از افغان‌ها در طی سالیان اخیر در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی است. حضور اتباع افغانی در جامعه روستایی جنوب شرق کشور به دلیل هم‌جواری با مرزهای شرقی و قرابت فرهنگی از منظر جغرافیایی و اجتماعی دارای آثار و پیامدهایی در ابعاد مختلف می‌باشد. هدف از انجام پژوهش کیفی حاضر که با بهره‌گیری از روش تئوری بنیانی صورت گرفته؛ بررسی آثار و پیامدهای ناشی از حضور اتباع افغانی در نواحی روستایی شهرستان سیب و سوران می‌باشد. جامعه آماری موردمطالعه 25 نفر از افراد مطلع و آگاه بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری از نوع گلوله برفی موردمطالعه قرار گرفتند. داده‌های حاصل از پژوهش با تکنیک مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند و متمرکز جمع‌آوری و در قالب سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تحلیل و نهایتاً در قالب 4 پیامد اصلی طبقه‌بندی شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد حضور اتباع در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی به ترتیب اهمیت، پیامدهایی نظیر افزایش آسیب‌پذیری جامعه محلی، تغییر بافت جمعیتی روستاها، پایین بودن پایبندی به قوانین، اشتغال غیرقانونی، شکل‌گیری نوعی رقابت برای دسترسی به منابع، عدم تکاپوی امکانات و خدمات موجود در روستاها با افزایش حضور اتباع، افزایش ترددهای غیرمجاز، فشار بر زیرساخت‌های بهداشتی و آموزشی و... را در پی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the consequences of the Afghan nationals' presence in border rural areas: A grounded theory study of Sib and Suran county

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hadi Tayebnia 1
  • Meysam Dehani 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
2 PhD student in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The presence of Afghan nationals in Iran has a long history, particularly after the Islamic Revolution, when Iran hosted the largest population of Afghan refugees. One of the most significant challenges has been the illegal residence and presence of a large group of Afghans in rural settlements in recent years. The presence of Afghan nationals in rural communities of southeastern Iran, due to their proximity to eastern borders and cultural affinity, has had various geographical and social impacts. The objective of this qualitative study, conducted using grounded theory methodology, is to examine the effects and consequences of Afghan nationals' presence in the rural areas of Sib and Suran County. The sample population included 25 informed individuals, selected through snowball sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured and focused interviews and analyzed in three coding stages: open, axial, and selective. The findings were ultimately categorized into four main consequences. The results indicate that the presence of Afghan nationals in rural settlements has led to several socio-economic and structural impacts, ranked by importance, including: Increased vulnerability of the local community, Changes in the demographic structure of villages, Low adherence to legal regulations, Illegal employment, Emergence of competition over resource access, Insufficient infrastructure and services to meet the growing population, Increase in unauthorized movements, and other related challenges.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Afghan nationals
  • Grounded theory
  • Rural areas
  • Sib and Suran
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