ارزیابی وسعت و پیامدهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی سیل‌های سال ۲۰۲۲ در نوشکی پاکستان با استفاده از گوگل ارث انجین، سنجش از دور و GIS

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. Spatial Decision Support System Lab, National Centre of GIS and Space Application (NCGSA), Balochistan University of Information

2 Department of Computer Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan.

3 Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.

چکیده

زمینه پژوهش: سیلاب‌ها از جمله رایج‌ترین و ویرانگرترین بلایای طبیعی در سراسر جهان هستند که خسارات قابل‌توجهی به جوامع، اقتصاد و محیط زیست وارد می‌کنند. این پدیده در پاکستان به‌صورت مکرر رخ می‌دهد. منطقه نوشکی در استان بلوچستان نیز پیامدهای شدیدی از سیل‌های سال ۲۰۲۲ متحمل شد.
اهداف پژوهش: این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از داده‌های سنجش از دور (RS) در محیط سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، به پهنه‌بندی مناطق سیل‌زده و تحلیل جامع پیامدهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی سیل سال ۲۰۲۲ در یکی از آسیب‌پذیرترین مناطق بلوچستان می‌پردازد.
روش‌شناسی: گستره سیلاب در منطقه مورد مطالعه با استفاده از داده‌های راداری با دهانه مصنوعی (SAR) ماهواره سنتینل-۱ (Sentinel-1) و از طریق پلتفرم «گوگل ارث انجین» (Google Earth Engine) استخراج شد. علاوه بر این، داده‌های مربوط به خسارات ناشی از سیل از سازمان ملی مدیریت بحران (NDMA) و سازمان مدیریت بحران استانی (PDMA) دریافت گردید. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای مختلف پردازش و تحلیل شدند. برای تهیه نقشه‌ها، جداول و نمودارهای این مطالعه از نرم‌افزارهای ArcMap 10.8، Microsoft Excel و CorelDRAW استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که سیل‌های سال ۲۰۲۲ بیشتر در «داک» (Daak) از توابع بخش نوشکی رخ داده است. در این رخداد، دست‌کم یک مرد و سه کودک جان خود را از دست دادند و چندین مورد جراحت نیز گزارش شد. در مجموع، ۲۲۲۹ رأس دام به دلیل وقوع سیل‌های شدید سال ۲۰۲۲ در منطقه مورد مطالعه تلف شدند. تعداد خانه‌های تخریب‌شده در این محدوده ۴۷۶۳ واحد گزارش شده است که شامل ۲۵۹۷ واحد تخریب کامل و ۲۱۶۶ واحد تخریب جزئی است. پیامدهای این سیل در بخش کشاورزی نیز شامل از بین رفتن بیش از ۲۷۸۳ جریب از اراضی کشاورزی در منطقه مورد مطالعه بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: بلایای سیل در بلوچستان، آسیب‌پذیری شدید ساکنان و زیرساخت‌های این منطقه را آشکار ساخته است. مدیریت ریسک سیل در آینده در بلوچستان باید اولویت بالایی برای بازسازی تاب‌آور، بهبود سیستم‌های هشدار زودهنگام و ایجاد زیرساخت‌های پایدار زهکشی قائل شود. نقشه‌های گستره سیلاب که در این پژوهش تهیه شده‌اند، به سیاست‌گذاران در تدوین برنامه‌های آمادگی و اقدامات لازم برای منطقه مورد مطالعه کمک خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Extent and socio-economic impacts assessment of 2022 floods in Nushki, Pakistan, using Google Earth Engine, RS, and GIS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Niamat ullah 1
  • Shafi Ullah 2
  • Said Qasim 3
  • Romana Ambreen 3
1 Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. Spatial Decision Support System Lab, National Centre of GIS and Space Application (NCGSA), Balochistan University of Information
2 Department of Computer Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan.
3 Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.
چکیده [English]

Background: Floods are among the most common and devastating natural disasters worldwide, causing significant damage to people, the economy, and the environment. It is a recurrent phenomenon in Pakistan. The Nushki District of Balochistan also faced severe consequences from the 2022 floods.
Objectives: This study utilizes remote sensing (RS) data within a geographic information system (GIS) environment to map flooded areas and comprehensively analyze the socio-economic impacts of the 2022 floods in one of the most severely affected areas in Balochistan.
Methodology: The flood extent of the study area was prepared using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing data of Sentinel-1 through Google Earth Engine. Furthermore, the flood damage data is obtained from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA). The collected data was further processed and analyzed using different software. ArcMap 10.8, Microsoft Excel, and CorelDRAW were used to generate maps, tables, and graphs for the present study area.
Results: The findings of the study reveal that floods in 2022 occurred more in the Daak sub-tehsil of the Nushki District. At least one male and three children lost their lives, and several injuries were recorded. A total of 2,229 livestock were lost in the study area because of the severe floods of 2022. The destroyed houses in the study area numbered 4,763, including 2,597 that were fully destroyed and 2,166 that were partially destroyed. The impacts in the agriculture sector include the loss of more than 2,783 acres of agricultural land in the study area.
Conclusion: The flood disasters in Balochistan have highlighted the region's inhabitants and infrastructure's extreme vulnerability.  Future flood risk management in Balochistan must place a high priority on resilient rebuilding, enhanced early-warning systems, and sustainable drainage infrastructure. The generated flood extent maps will help policymakers to make preparedness plans and actions in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Floods
  • Socio-Economic Impacts
  • Disaster
  • NDMA
  • Pakistan
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